List of Figures

• Ordering of PHAS and BIAS Vectors
• CHIP vs. READ coordinates  
• Which pixels are which in READ coordinates for each output node.  
• Layout of the ACIS CCID17 detector
• Cross-section through front-illuminated and back-illuminated CCDs
• Principal components of the CCD spectral response function
• ACIS ground calibration flow.
• Linear Energy Scale Residuals for the Front Illuminated Devices
• Linear Energy Scale Residuals for the Back Illuminated Devices
• Average FWHM versus Energy
• Intensities of escape and fluorescence features as a function of energy
• Possible redistributions of detected x-rays due to pileup
• Regions of CCD for pileup model
• Predicted relationship between detected and incident flux
• Raw HEXS pileup data for detector w203c2
• Raw HEXS pileup data for Cl, Ti & V K$_{\alpha}$
• Raw HEXS pileup data for Fe, Co & Ni K$_{\alpha}$
• Raw HEXS pileup data for Cu, Zn & Ge K$_{\alpha}$
• Raw HEXS pileup data for Al, Si, P, Cl, Ti & V targets
• Raw HEXS pileup data for Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, & Ge targets
• Mean g02346 epsilon for all data sets with no spectral correction (Al - V)
• Mean g02346 epsilon for all data sets with no spectral correction (Fe - Ge)
• Variation of epsilon with for raw HEXS data
• Variation of alpha, the ratio of bad to good x-ray events, for  Al to V
• Variation of alpha, the ratio of bad to good x-ray events for Fe to Ge
• Variation of spectrally averaged epsilon ($\epsilon^{'}$) for Al to V
• Variation of spectrally averaged epsilon ($\epsilon^{'}$) for Fe to Ge
• Mean g02346 epsilon for all data sets including a spectral correction
• Mean g02346 epsilon for all data sets including a spectral correction
• Variation of epsilon including corrections for spectral impurities
• Redistribution of G02346 events in w203c2 during 7 second exposures due to pileup for Al, Si, P, Cl, Ti, and V HEXS targets
• Redistribution of G02346 events in w203c2 during 7 second exposures due to pileup for Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ge HEXS targets
• Branching ratio epsilons from data set for elements Al - V
• Branching ratio epsilons from data set for elements Fe - Ge
• Gate structure of a CCD
• SEM photo of the CCD gate structure. Gate B is shown overlapping gate A. The bar above the text in the photo is 1 $\mu m$.
• Schematic of a 2x2 array of pixels showing the orientation of the gates and channel stops. The channel stops are beneath the gates.
• SEM measurement of a channel stop
• Schematic of the mesh showing its orientation to the CCD
• Fixture used to hold the mesh close to the CCD surface
• Images of moiré cells
• Five parameter channel stop model
• Variation in detection efficiency due to the channel stop
•  $\chi^{2}$ contour plots for box vs. wing width & Si P⁺ depth vs. SiO₂ depth
• Best-fit HEXS channel stop model compared to experimental data.
• O $K_{\alpha}$ Representative Pixels for grade 0, grade 2, grades 3 and 4, and grade 6events.
• HRMA encircled energy surfaces projected onto a schematic of sub-pixel locations
• Sketch of the PTB laboratory
• White Light and WLS BESSY spectra as a function of height above the orb ital plane
• w190c3, quad B: BESSY data vs. model
• w190c1,quad A: BESSY data vs. model
• w103c4, quad B: BESSY data vs. model
• BESSY absolute efficiencies vs. MIT CSR relative efficiencies for reference detectors w190c3 and w103c4.
• Schematic of the CCD depleted layers.
• Exponential distribution of the number of interacting photons as a function of distance from the surface.
• Histograms of different grades for Fe⁵⁵ X-rays. Eight panels (from top to bottom) correspond to ASCA grades 0 through 7.

• Charge collected in the center pixel from the Fe⁵⁵ photon landing in the neutral bulk as a function of distance from depletion region boundary.
• Cross section of the thin film sample.
• Transmission of the thin SiO₂ film as a function of energy (solid line). Dotted line represents standard Henke data.

• Transmission of the sandwich (solid line).
• Absorption of the thin films of polysilicon (solid line), silicon dioxide (dotted line) , and SiO₂ - Si₃N₄ (dashed line) sandwich.

• Transmission of the oxidized polysilicon film (solid line) and result of the best fit to it of the product of the polysilicon and SiO₂ transmissions (dotted line).

• Quantum efficiency of the frontside illuminated CCD. Dashed line is the result of the QE measurement at SX700 line at BESSY.
• Quantum efficiency of the backside illuminated CCD. Triangles mark experimental results from SX700 at BESSY.
• Telemetry and High Speed Tap Spectra
• Telemetry, High Speed Tap, and Difference Light Curves
• Relative quantum efficiency ratio data for ACIS detector I0
• Relative detection efficiencies of flight CCDs as a function of energy--referenced to w190c3.
• Best-estimate ACIS S2 (Front-illuminated) Detector Quantum Efficiency Model
• Best-estimate ACIS S3 (Back-illuminated) Detector Quantum Efficiency Model
• The ratio of quantum efficiencies for the device w193c2 with the standard clock levels and the reduced clock levels.
• ACIS gain variation as a function of DEA temperature.
• Schematic of the test configuration
• C-K EXAFS with model fit
• Spectrometer Filter Transmission Data with Best Fit Model
• Optical Transmission Model of ACIS Filters
• Real part of refractive index for polyimide. 
• Predicted transmission for ACIS I OBF for angles of 0, 30 and 60
• Predicted transmission for ACIS S OBF for angles of 0, 30 and 60
• Predicted transmission for ACIS I OBF for diffuse illumination
• Predicted transmission for ACIS S OBF for diffuse illumination
• Transmission of Spectrometer filter above the Al-K absorption edge at 20 and -60 C
• Imaging Array Filters 009 and 019
• Spectroscopy Array Filter 003
• OBF Transmission vs. Energy Based on SRC Data
• I1 Effective Area vs. Grade
• S3 Effective Area vs. Grade
• I1 Energy Resolution vs. Grade
• S3 Energy Resolution vs. Grade
• I1 Effective Area vs. Split Threshold
• S3 Effective Area vs. Split Threshold
• I1 Energy Resolution vs. Split Threshold
• S3 Energy Resolution vs. Split Threshold
• ACIS Flight Focal Plane
• Projecting rays on ACIS. Case A: plane of the CCD orthogonal to the HRMA axis.  
• Projecting rays on ACIS. Case B: plane of the CCD tilted with respect to the HRMA axis.  
• Single-pixel event position probability distribution  
• Two-pixel event position probability distribution  
• Three-pixel (L-shaped) event position probability distribution  
• Four-pixel (square-shaped) event position probability distribution  
• Radial distortion map for one pixel
• Correlation of FAM Y,Z to ACIS Y,Z
• Correlation Coefficient of Subpixel Position of FAM vs. ACIS
• Pileup Correction - Gaussian Method
• Pileup Correction - ROI Method
• Pile Up Fraction vs. Counts/Frame
• CCD Pileup Correction - All Grades Included
• Example of a simulated back-illuminated CCD frame, containing 1000 1keV photon events and 10 particle events  
• Example of a simulated front-illuminated CCD frame, containing 1000 1keV photon events and 10 particle events  
• Event Browser Light Curve
• Event Browser Spectrum
• Event Browser Image
• Event Browser Spatial Filter
• Event Browser Property/Property Filter
• 3x3 Event Grading Illustration